从零开始学物联网-远程点亮一盏灯 作为一个程序员，想要学习物联网控制，并将学习过程记录下来，方便他人查阅。准备硬件：选择ESP8266 12F，它内置WiFi，适合入门。安装工具：使用Arduino IDE进行代码编写和上传。安装驱动与库：使用提供的一键安装包，简化ESP8266驱动和MQTT库的安装。获取Bmob云服务信息：注册并获取MQTT服务的必要信息。编写与上传代码：配置WiFi和MQTT连接，控制ESP8266内置灯。远程控制灯光：通过Bmob云实现远程开关灯。首先我们看最终效果输入on 开灯输入off 关灯这是是最终效果的录制视频https://www.ixigua.com/7403595674341605942?utm_source=iframe_share准备硬件：选择ESP8266 12F，它内置WiFi，适合入门。ESP8266-12F 是一个经济实惠的 WiFi 模块，广泛应用于物联网（IoT）开发。它自带 WiFi 功能，支持 2.4GHz 无线网络连接，适合需要无线通信的小型电子项目。模块体积小巧，拥有多个 GPIO 引脚，可轻松集成到各种硬件项目中。由于其低功耗和强大的处理能力，ESP8266-12F 在远程控制、智能家居、传感器网络等领域得到了广泛应用，成为了物联网开发的首选硬件之一。主要是他便宜，国产，并且最新手友好，他长这样，价格就十几块，网上随便找个店铺即可下单，我这因为购买了一些其他材料，所有价格需要30多安装工具：使用Arduino IDE进行代码编写和上传。这里选择Arduino IDE，下载地址：www.arduino.cc/en/software安装驱动与库：使用提供的一键安装包，简化ESP8266驱动和MQTT库的安装。下载安装后，安装esp8266模块开发工具安装mqtt链接库，由于github 被墙，这里我传个国内代码镜像，封装为bat命令，安装时关闭开发工具https://link.juejin.cn/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fbmob-cdn-31082.bmobpay.com%2Fiot%2Fesp8266_install.zip[图片上传失败...(image-72868c-1725876245397)]我们把代码上次的时候，需要选择我们上传的端口这样我们就可以把代码烧录到esp8266获取Bmob云服务信息：注册并获取MQTT服务的必要信息。登录控制台[图片上传失败...(image-5d830f-1725876245397)]左侧IOT栏目，拿到链接参数编写与上传代码：配置WiFi和MQTT连接，控制ESP8266内置灯。代码直接复制使用，把里面几个参数跟Bmob后端云一致即可// 加载WIFI头文件 #include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // 加载MQTT库文件 #include <PubSubClient.h> // 你的WIFI名称，需要修改 const char* WIFI_SSID = "WiFi名称"; // 你的WIFI密码，需要修改 const char* WIFI_PASSWORD = "WiFi密码"; // Bmob云的物联网地址 const char* MQTT_SERVER = "broker.codenow.cn"; // Bmob云的物联网端口 const int MQTT_PORT = 1883; // 灯光引脚 const int LED = 2; // 用户名，到Bmob云->创建的应用-> IOT -> 连接信息 中获取 #define APPID "603b85d874d1b5ea" // 密码，到Bmob云->创建的应用-> IOT -> 连接信息 中获取 #define APPPASSWORD "19a66167a0eadaca" // 你自己定义的设备类型，方便记忆就好，这里的LINE表示灯光的意思 #define TYPE "LINE" WiFiClient espClient; PubSubClient client(espClient); // 打开灯泡 void turnOnLed() { Serial.println("打开灯光"); digitalWrite(LED, LOW); } // 关闭灯泡 void turnOffLed() { Serial.println("关闭灯光"); digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); } // 配置esp8266的WIFI账号和密码 void setup_wifi() { delay(10); Serial.println(); Serial.print("Connecting to "); Serial.println(WIFI_SSID); // 设置WIFI的账号和密码 WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD); // 检测WIFI是否联通 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); } Serial.println(""); Serial.println("WiFi已连接"); } // MQTT服务的回调 void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) { Serial.print(topic); Serial.print(" 主题收到消息"); String message = ""; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { message += (char)payload[I]; } Serial.print(message); Serial.println(); if (message == "on") { //如果接收到on字符串，调用开灯方法 turnOnLed();//开灯函数 } else if (message == "off") { //如果接收到off字符串，调用关灯方法 turnOffLed(); } message = ""; } void reconnect() { while (!client.connected()) { Serial.print("正在尝试MQTT连接..."); String client_id = "esp8266client"; client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress()); if (client.connect(client_id.c_str(), APPID, APPPASSWORD)) { Serial.println("正常连接"); //这是你的主题名称 String topic = "devices/" + String(TYPE) + "/" + String(APPID) + "/" + client_id; client.subscribe(topic.c_str()); } else { Serial.print("连接异常，rc="); Serial.print(client.state()); Serial.println(" 5秒后重试"); // 5秒重试 delay(5000); } } } void setup() { pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); // 设置波特率 Serial.begin(115200); // 配置WIFI并连接上网 setup_wifi(); // 连接MQTT服务 client.setServer(MQTT_SERVER, MQTT_PORT); // 设置MQTT消息回掉 client.setCallback(callback); digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); } void loop() { if (!client.connected()) { reconnect(); } client.loop(); } 查看日志查看串口输出的时候，记得选择波特率位115200（代码中设置的）。[图片上传失败...(image-5ebe06-1725876245397)]这样esp8266 就已经链接上mqtt服务。 只要远程下指令，就可以实现开与关开关核心代码if (message == "on") { //如果接收到on字符串，调用开灯方法 turnOnLed();//开灯函数 } else if (message == "off") { //如果接收到off字符串，调用关灯方法 turnOffLed(); } 远程控制灯光：通过Bmob云实现远程开关灯。这样就实现了服务器控制远程开关灯， 后面我们把这个开关操作，使用小程序实现。

XCode15, XCode16版本使用Cocoapods报错解决 XCode15, XCode16版本使用Cocoapods报错解决Xcode版本 Version 16.0 (16A242d)新建一个项目bmob2024071.界面加入一个按钮2.新增一个podfile文件platform :ios, '11.0' # Specify the platform and deployment target target 'bmob202407' do pod 'BmobSDK' end 3.安装pod pod install Analyzing dependencies ――― MARKDOWN TEMPLATE ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― ### Command ``` /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/bin/pod install ``` ### Report * What did you do? * What did you expect to happen? * What happened instead? ### Stack ``` CocoaPods : 1.15.2 Ruby : ruby 3.2.5 (2024-07-26 revision 31d0f1a2e7) [arm64-darwin24] RubyGems : 3.5.22 Host : macOS 15.0.1 (24A348) Xcode : 16.0 (16A242d) Git : git version 2.39.5 (Apple Git-154) Ruby lib dir : /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib Repositories : master - git - git@github.com:CocoaPods/Specs.git @ 3c25b942607c8dc669d5d708aeafaa9067522375 trunk - CDN - https://cdn.cocoapods.org/ ``` ### Plugins ``` cocoapods-deintegrate : 1.0.5 cocoapods-plugins : 1.0.0 cocoapods-search : 1.0.1 cocoapods-trunk : 1.6.0 cocoapods-try : 1.2.0 ``` ### Podfile ```ruby platform :ios, '11.0' # Specify the platform and deployment target target 'bmob202407' do pod 'BmobSDK' end ``` ### Error ``` RuntimeError - `PBXGroup` attempted to initialize an object with unknown ISA `PBXFileSystemSynchronizedRootGroup` from attributes: `{"isa"=>"PBXFileSystemSynchronizedRootGroup", "exceptions"=>["3036C49C2CC74D2A00E71FAF"], "path"=>"bmob202407", "sourceTree"=>"<group>"}` If this ISA was generated by Xcode please file an issue: https://github.com/CocoaPods/Xcodeproj/issues/new /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:359:in `rescue in object_with_uuid' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:349:in `object_with_uuid' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:300:in `block (2 levels) in configure_with_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:299:in `each' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:299:in `block in configure_with_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:296:in `each' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:296:in `configure_with_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project.rb:272:in `new_from_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:350:in `object_with_uuid' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:290:in `block in configure_with_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:287:in `each' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project/object.rb:287:in `configure_with_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project.rb:272:in `new_from_plist' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project.rb:213:in `initialize_from_file' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/xcodeproj-1.25.1/lib/xcodeproj/project.rb:113:in `open' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1194:in `block (2 levels) in inspect_targets_to_integrate' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1193:in `each' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1193:in `block in inspect_targets_to_integrate' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/user_interface.rb:64:in `section' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1188:in `inspect_targets_to_integrate' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:107:in `analyze' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:422:in `analyze' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:244:in `block in resolve_dependencies' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/user_interface.rb:64:in `section' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:243:in `resolve_dependencies' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:162:in `install!' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/command/install.rb:52:in `run' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/claide-1.1.0/lib/claide/command.rb:334:in `run' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:52:in `run' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.15.2/bin/pod:55:in `<top (required)>' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/bin/pod:25:in `load' /Users/magic/.rbenv/versions/3.2.5/bin/pod:25:in `<main>' ``` ――― TEMPLATE END ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― [!] Oh no, an error occurred. Search for existing GitHub issues similar to yours: https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/search?q=%60PBXGroup%60+attempted+to+initialize+an+object+with+unknown+ISA+%60PBXFileSystemSynchronizedRootGroup%60+from+attributes%3A+%60%7B%22isa%22%3D%3E%22PBXFileSystemSynchronizedRootGroup%22%2C+%22exceptions%22%3D%3E%5B%223036C49C2CC74D2A00E71FAF%22%5D%2C+%22path%22%3D%3E%22bmob202407%22%2C+%22sourceTree%22%3D%3E%22%3Cgroup%3E%22%7D%60%0AIf+this+ISA+was+generated+by+Xcode+please+file+an+issue%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FCocoaPods%2FXcodeproj%2Fissues%2Fnew&type=Issues If none exists, create a ticket, with the template displayed above, on: https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/new Be sure to first read the contributing guide for details on how to properly submit a ticket: https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md Don't forget to anonymize any private data! Looking for related issues on cocoapods/cocoapods... Searching for inspections failed: undefined method `map' for nil:NilClass这个错误，你把项目转为组即可解决1.打开你的 Xcode 项目。 2.在左侧的项目导航器中，右键点击项目文件夹（通常是项目名称）。 3.选择“Convert to Group”（转换为组）。继续pod installDon't forget to anonymize any private data! Looking for related issues on cocoapods/cocoapods... - Cocoapods not working in Xcode 16 macOS 15.0.1 https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/12625 [open] [12 comments] a day ago - PBXFileSystemSynchronizedRootGroup causing pod init to fail with CocoaPods 1.15.2a https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/12627 [closed] [7 comments] a week ago - pod install has bug https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/10723 [closed] [33 comments] 11 Jun 2024 and 2 more at: https://github.com/cocoapods/cocoapods/search?q=%5BXcodeproj%5D%20Unable%20to%20find%20compatibility%20version%20string%20for%20object%20version%20%6077%60.&type=Issues&utf8=✓ [!] [!] Xcodeproj doesn't know about the following attributes {"preferredProjectObjectVersion"=>"77"} for the 'PBXProject' isa. If this attribute was generated by Xcode please file an issue: https://github.com/CocoaPods/Xcodeproj/issues/new [!] [Xcodeproj] Xcode project version (77) is higher than the latest supported by xcodeproj (63).错误已经发生改变， 提示我们本地Xcode版本77太高， pod最新版本最高支持631.找到并打开 `project.pbxproj` 文件，使用文本编辑器（如 sublime之类）。 2.删除以下两行： minimizedProjectReferenceProxies = 1; preferredProjectObjectVersion = 77; 3.更新以下行： objectVersion = 77; 修改为： objectVersion = 63; 提示安装成功>bmob202407 pod install Analyzing dependencies Downloading dependencies Installing BmobSDK (2.4.21) Generating Pods project Integrating client project [!] Please close any current Xcode sessions and use `bmob202407.xcworkspace` for this project from now on. Pod installation complete! There is 1 dependency from the Podfile and 1 total pod installed.安装之后，真机可以，模拟器不行，提示building for ios simulator but linking in object file built for ios m1这样设置即可解决，有更多问题也可以留言给我